The advent of quantum mechanics overhauled the physical sciences leading to huge leaps in physics, chemistry, and computer science. In recent years, biology has made great advances through interdisciplinary work with chemistry and physics. Yet the quantum revolution’s impact on biology remains largely unexplored. Among the most intriguing aspects is the possible role that quantum physics plays in biology. This topic has ignited vigorous and enduring debate. Quantum physics undeniably underpins the existence and stability of atoms and molecules, including the macromolecules fundamental to biology. However, the question persists: does quantum physics extend its role beyond this realm to imbue characteristic features observed in living matter? Evidence emerging from theoretical and experimental physics, computational chemistry, and experimental biology suggests that certain processes within living organisms exploit quantum phenomena such as long-lived quantum coherence, entanglement, and quantum tunneling. Yet, decisive advancements in understanding the role of quantum physics in biology necessitate the development of innovative tools, methodologies, and conceptual frameworks at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and biology. If quantum physics plays a role in biology, in which systems does this happen, and at what level? How can we experimentally investigate these effects? For example, do light-activated biochemical processes make use of long-lived quantum coherence? If so, how is the process of decoherence delayed in the cellular environment? Can advances in the new field of quantum thermodynamics help explain this? At a higher level, considering that biology, particularly the physiology of the brain and the emergence of consciousness, is rooted in underlying physical interactions with quantum bases, what role does quantum physics play in understanding the brain and consciousness? Biological processes exhibit extraordinary complexity, yet consensus on defining this complexity remains elusive. How can we better define the complexity of biological systems? How can we quantify and measure correlations between quantum features, complexity, and entropy within living systems? Can novel tools and methodologies be proposed to explore these correlations effectively? The origin and mechanisms of life have captivated exceptional scientists like Erwin Schrödinger, who, in 1944, penned the seminal book What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, long after formulating his quantum mechanical equation. Now is the opportune moment to delve deeper into unraveling the role of quantum mechanics in biological processes and living matter, including our brain and consciousness, and to investigate the intricate interplay between quantum physics and biology. FQxI has an interest in foundational questions across all of science. Interesting and novel ideas suggested in this Competition may become the basis of future funding rounds. FQxI invites submissions for its 2025 global essay competition on quantum biology. Essays are anonymous and judged on merit alone. The total prize fund is $53,000 USD (First prizes: $10,000). The deadline is September 29, 2025. This competition is open to anyone, from anywhere. Winners may be considered for publication by Springer and nomination for FQxI membership. This competition is presented in partnership with the Paradox Science Institute. Further details: https://qspace.fqxi.org/competitions/introduction